Addition: 10 + 5 = 15
Subtraction: 10 - 5 = 5
Multiplication: 10 * 5 = 50
Division: 10 / 5 = 2
Modulo: 10 % 5 = 0
Exponentiation: 10 ** 5 = 100000

Arithmetic operators in PHP perform common mathematical operations:

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